International Trade Policies: European Union

Last updated – April 2025

The United States (U.S.) has an equivalence arrangement with the European Union (EU). The equivalence arrangement grants USDA certified organic products access to the EU’s market and grants EU certified organic products access to the U.S. market. This means that organic products certified to either the USDA or EU organic standards may be labeled and sold as organic in the U.S. and EU, as long as the products meet the terms of the arrangement.

Scope. This equivalence arrangement is limited to direct trade to or from the U.S. and EU. For U.S. exports to the EU, it is limited to products certified to the USDA organic regulations that have been produced or had their final processing occur within the U.S. For EU exports to the U.S., it is limited to products certified to the EU organic regulations that have been produced or had their final processing occur in an EU member state.

Allowed product categories: Crops, Wild Crops, Livestock, and Processed Products. 

Terms of the Arrangement. 

Generally, USDA and EU certified organic products are eligible for trade under this equivalence, but there are some stipulations.

The following are additional requirements for EU certified organic products exported to the U.S.:

• Agricultural products derived from animals treated with antibiotics shall not be sold, labeled, or represented as organic in the U.S.
• Aquatic animals (e.g., fish, shellfish) and salt are not included in the equivalence arrangement and are not eligible to use the USDA organic seal. 
• There are important differences in how the U.S. and EU define and label wine as organic. For EU organic wine to enter the U.S. market, it must fully comply with either of the following content and labeling requirements:
  • Organic wine: To label EU wine exports to the U.S. as organic, the wine must not contain sulfur dioxide, potassium metabisulfite, or other ingredients not allowed under the USDA organic regulations (7 CFR 205.605). EU wine exports meeting these criteria may make the “organic” claim and carry the USDA organic seal. EU wine labeled with an organic claim in any language per the Regulation (EU) 2018/848 Annex IV must comply with these terms. 
  • Wine made with organic grapes: To label EU wine exports to the U.S. as “made with organic grapes,” the wine’s total sulfite concentration (from sulfur dioxide) must not exceed 100ppm and all grapes used must be certified organic. Substances not listed under 7 CFR 205.605 are prohibited. The USDA organic seal must not be used on the label.
  • The EU control body or other control authority is responsible for verifying compliance of EU wine with the U.S. requirements for labeling “organic wine” or “wine made with organic grapes” before issuing the NOP Import Certificate. 

All wine sold in the U.S. must be approved by the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau.

• View resources for importers/exporters and wholesalers.
• View information on alcohol beverages labeled with organic claims.

The following are additional requirements for U.S. certified organic products exported to the EU:

• Apples and pears (and/or ingredients containing apples and pears) produced using antibiotics* (for fire blight control) may not be exported as organic to the EU. 
  
  Note: USDA removed streptomycin and tetracycline from the National List on October 21, 2014; they are no longer allowed. Streptomycin and tetracycline are synthetic substances that were previously allowed for use in organic crop production for the treatment of fire blight. There are currently no antibiotics on the National List approved for such use.
   
• Organic wine and wine “made with organic grapes” may be exported to the EU under the arrangement if it meets the following criteria:
  1. Contains 100 percent organic grapes and organic ingredients. Non-organic substances not allowed under 7 CFR 205.605 are prohibited. 

  2. Have been produced only using the winemaking practices and substances detailed in the EU organic regulations.

• The EU does not recognize the USDA “100% organic” or “made with organic” label categories.  Therefore, all organic products eligible for export under the equivalence must contain 95% or greater organic content and only use an “organic” claim.

Trade Documentation.

Exports of USDA Organic Products. A USDA-accredited certifying agent (also called “control body”) must complete an electronic Certificate of Inspection (COI) through the EU’s Trade Control and Expert System (TRACES) for all USDA organic products traded under the arrangement. The European Union regulations require that the COI be issued by the USDA-accredited certifying agent at the moment the consignment leaves the U.S. port of export.

Shipments of USDA organic products that leave the U.S. port without a COI, or with a COI issued after departure, risk being refused entry, seized, or destroyed by foreign port authorities.

Oversight. The U.S. and EU assess each other’s organic oversight systems on a regular basis to ensure that the terms of the arrangement are being met and equivalence is maintained. Both parties notify each other of any changes which could affect the terms of the arrangement. Any concerns are addressed by the Organic Working Group, which meets regularly and includes experts from both countries.

Peer Reviews. Since the establishment of the U.S.-EU Equivalence Arrangement, the U.S. and EU have conducted mutual peer reviews. These assessments verify that both markets are meeting the terms of the arrangement.

• US Peer Review Report of the EU (pdf)
• EU Peer Review Report of the US (pdf)